Hanuman, Maruti , Pavanakumara , Vayusuta, Anjaniputra, Anjaneya, Kesarinandana, Shankarasuvana, Bajarangi, Sankata mochana- all these are names of Hanuman.
Lineage - Hanuman's ancestry has been indicated in Hanuman Chalisa by the words Anjani putra, Kesari nandana,Pavanasuta and Shankarasuvana. His earthly parents were Anjani or Anjana and Kesari, the monkey chief of Sumeru region. So he is called Anjani putra and Anjaneya(son of Anjana) and Kesari nandana(the delighter or son of Kesari). He is also known as Pavana suta, the son of the wind-god, a disembodied heavenly entity who transmitted his radiance for the formation and flowering of the child( Hanuman) with the qualities of speed and vigour characterizing his own being when different deities were born as monkeys to assist Rama in his mission to destroy Ravana and other demons. Further, this rare child with super-human qualities was also theson of Shiva as his effulgence entered Kesari, the husband of Anjana to-facilitate the birth of Hanuman in order to serve Rama in his mission. Shiva or Rudra has eleven forms. It is said that Ravana, again a devotee of Shiva worshipped Shiva only with his ten forms with his ten heads. So the eleventh form of Rudra took birth in the form of Hanuman to cause Ravana's death and at the same time to serve Rama in achieving his mission. Because Ravana got from Brahma, the creator, a boon, immunity from death from all except from man and monkey for Ravana thought man and monkey, powerless as they are could not harm him.
Anjana was a divine damsel turned into a female monkey by a curse. Her curse was to be removed on her giving birth to an incarnation (or son) of shiva. She lived a life of chastity. With her husband Kesari who was as brave as a lion, she worshipped Shiva for a son.Shiva granted her the boon.
Dasharatha, the king of Ayodhya divided among his wives the divine payasa-a sweet pudding got from the sacrifice which was performed so that he might be blessed with children. By divine ordinance, a kite snatched some pudding and fle w off with it. On its way the pudding fell down where Anjana was engaged in worship. Vayu, the deity of wind delivered that pudding to the outstretched hands of Anjana. She ate that puddi ng and Hanuman was born to her as a result of this(reference- Ananda Ramayana). Since Hanuman was born by the grace of Wind god and Lord Shiva, his grand fathers are Wind and Shiva. Hence his names Pavanasuta and Shankarasuvana.
As soon as Hanuman was born Anjana was released from the curse, she wanted to return to heaven.
The monkey child asked his mother what his future would be and how he was to earn his living. She assured him that he would never be destroyed and that fruits as ripe as the rising Sun ( pointing the Sun to him) would form his food. Then Anjana returned to heaven. Thinking that the glowing and glittering Sun was food for him to be eaten, the mon key child made just one jump at the Sun and started to swallow him,resulting in total darkness. And seeing this attempt of the monkey child, Indra,the lord of heaven used his weapon Vajra- the thunderbolt against him. The weapon hit his chin and wounded him, and in precarious conditi on the child fell down on the earth. Vayu, the wind god who saw his child falling down wounded carried him off to nether regions(patala).
When Vayu,the wind quitted the earth everything thereon came to a dead-stop. Living things were on the verge of death due to suffocation and, then Brahma and others went to patala and comforted Vayu and congratulated the monkey child. On the basis of Indra's Vajra having made a scar on its hanu(jaw bone or chin) the monkey child was named Hanuman by all the deities who blessed the child that he would be immune from all kinds of weapon, fire, water and death. And that he would live all his life as the greatest devotee of God. And that none would equal him in strength and speed.
Being born of Shiva and on account of the powers of Shiva in him, Hanuman reached boyhood immediately. To learn the Vedas and other scriptures he chose the Lord Sun as hos preceptor. Hanuman agreed to the condition to learn from Surya ( Sun) walking in front of him. Concentrating all his attention on the face of Surya, Hanuman traversed the sky and within a short period of sixty hours he mastered all the Vedas and Shastras thoroughly well. When Hanuman insisted on giving Guru dakshina( tuition fees), Surya asked Hanuman to help his son Sugriva as his minister and constant companion.
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